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The history of Tibetan Buddhism has been analyzed through researches of numerous oral traditions and written records. ==Early history== In the reign of King Thothori Nyantsen (5th century),〔On this date, see Richardson, Hugh: "The Origin of the Tibetan Kingdom", in: ''The History of Tibet'', ed. Alex McKay, Vol. 1, London 2003, p. 159. Traditional Tibetan sources state that this event occurred rather in 233.〕 a basket of Buddhist scriptures arrived in Tibet from India.〔According to a Tibetan legendary tradition, they fell from the sky and included ''Kāraṇḍavyūhasūtra'': Studholme, Alexander: ''The Origins of Om Manipadme Hum'', Albany, NY 2002, pp. 13-14.〕 Written in Sanskrit, they were not translated into Tibetan until the reign of king Songtsän Gampo (618-649).〔(Berzin, Alexander, ''A Survey of Tibetan History'' )〕 While there is doubt about the level of Songtsän Gampo's interest in Buddhism, it is known that he married a Chinese Tang Dynasty Buddhist princess, Wencheng, who came to Tibet with a statue of Shakyamuni Buddha. It is however clear from Tibetan sources that some of his successors became ardent Buddhists. The records show that Chinese Buddhists were actively involved in missionary activity in Tibet, they did not have the same level of imperial support as Indian Buddhists, with tantric lineages from Bihar and Bengal.〔Powers 2004, pp. 38-39〕 According to a Tibetan legendary tradition, Songtsän Gampo also married a Nepalese Buddhist princess, Bhrikuti. By the second half of the 8th century he was already regarded as an embodiment of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara.〔Macdonald, Alexander: ''Religion in Tibet at the time of Srong-btsan sgam-po: myth as history'', in: ''The History of Tibet'', ed. Alex McKay, Vol. 1, London 2003, p. 354-363 (for the queens see p. 355); Dargyay, Eva: ''Srong-btsan sgam-po of Tibet: Bodhisattva and king'', in: ''The History of Tibet'', ed. Alex McKay, Vol. 1, London 2003, p. 364-378 (for the queens see p. 373).〕 The successors of Songtsän Gampo were less enthusiastic about the propagation of Buddhism but in the 8th century, King Trisong Detsen (755-797) established it as the official religion of the state.〔Beckwith, C.I.: ''The revolt of 755 in Tibet'', in: ''The History of Tibet'', ed. Alex McKay, Vol. 1, London 2003, p. 273-285 (discusses the political background and the motives of the ruler).〕 He invited Indian Buddhist scholars to his court. In his age the famous tantric mystic Padmasambhāva arrived in Tibet according to the Tibetan tradition. In addition to writing a number of important scriptures, some of which he hid for future ''tertons'' to find, Padmasambhāva, along with Śāntarakṣita, established the Nyingma school. The outlines of the history of Buddhism in Tibet from this time are well-known.〔Conze, 1993. For more detail, see (Berzin, Alexander (1996). ''The History of the Early Period of Buddhism and Bon in Tibet'' )〕 At this early time also, from the south came the influence of scholars under the Pāla dynasty in the Indian state of Magadha. They had achieved a blend of Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna that has come to characterize all forms of Tibetan Buddhism. Their teaching in sutra centered on the ''Abhisamayālankāra'', a 4th-century Yogācārin text, but prominent among them were the Mādhyamika scholars Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla. A third influence was that of the Sarvāstivādins from Kashmir in the south west〔Conze, 1993, 106〕 and Khotan in the north west.〔(Berzin, Alexander (2000). ''Introductory History of the Five Tibetan Traditions of Buddhism and Bon'' ); (Berzin, Alexander (1996). ''The Spread of Buddhism in Asia'' )〕 Although they did not succeed in maintaining a presence in Tibet, their texts found their way into the Tibetan Buddhist canon, providing the Tibetans with almost all of their primary sources about the Foundation Vehicle. A subsect of this school, Mūlasarvāstivāda was the source of the Tibetan vinaya.〔Berzin, Alexander, as above〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Tibetan Buddhism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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